about | countries | foi news | features | ifti | links
stay informed!
Join freedominfo.org's
email update list


home > foi news

5 FEBRUARY 2010
Transparency Advances in Mexico. . . in Reverse
By Emilene Martínez Morales (emilene@mexicoinformate.org)
Translated by Jesse Franzblau

(Disponible en español)

http://www.twitter.com/mxinformate

Since the start of the year, President Felipe Calderón through actions undertaken by the Attorney General’s Office (Procuraduría General de la República – PGR) and the Secretariat of Interior (Secretaría de Gobernación - Segob), has shown a clear interest in weakening Mexico’s federal transparency oversight body (Instituto Federal al Acceso a la Información - IFAI) by proposing a separate tribunal to review IFAI’s decisions on FOI requests.

Article 59 of Mexico’s Federal Transparency Law on Access to Public Information establishes that IFAI resolutions will be binding and that federal agencies do not have the power to challenge these decisions. The Law gives requesters the right to appeal IFAI’s decisions in the courts, leaving the final decision in the hands of the judicial branch.

Furthermore, Article 6 of the Federal Constitution – recently reformed in 2007 – establishes that the right to access information is to be guided by seven specific governing principles. These principles mandate that specific procedures and mechanisms must be in place for FOI requests to be reviewed in a timely manner, and substantiated by independent and impartial bodies.

Despite these clear federal guidelines, the Attorney General’s Office has litigated for a year and a half before Mexico’s Federal Fiscal and Administrative Tribunal (Tribunal Federal de Justicia Fiscal y Administrativa – TFJFA), fighting IFAI resolutions on access to case files. The PGR has rejected IFAI rulings that mandate disclosure of these records, maintaining that these files should remain secret. 

As an example of one of these cases, the National Security Archive sent a request last year to the PGR for access to a public version of case file 109/A1/98/B, related to the 1998 massacre that occurred in El Charco, Guerrero, where 11 people were killed during a military operation. Citing article 14 in Mexico’s transparency law, which states clearly that information related to the violation of fundamental human rights cannot be withheld from public disclosure, IFAI produced a resolution ordering the PGR to release a public version this past December, giving them ten days to turn over the material.

Almost two months later, the National Security Archive has still not received any of the requested material.

On January 6th of this year the Secretary of the Interior Fernando Gómez Mont defended PGR’s position, stating that IFAI resolutions on these reserved case files were not in accordance with Article 16 of the Federal Penal Code. He cited a proposal that was purportedly intended to reform Mexico’s Transparency Law, and make IFAI more “efficient”.

In an editorial published by El Universal, IFAI Commissioner Ángel Trinidad declared that the purpose of the aforementioned reform was to give agencies the possibility of appealing IFAI’s resolutions in the Federal Fiscal and Administrative Tribunal (TFJFA) or in other courts.

While Gómez Mont has maintained in various forums that Gobernación is not interested in limiting the authority of IFAI, he has not detracted from the declarations he made earlier this year.

In the same sentiment expressed by Gobernación, on January 27th, Mexico’s Attorney General, Arturo Chávez Chávez, sent a request to the Supreme Court (SCJN) asking to validate the reform made to the local transparency law of the state of Campeche. This reform enables a separate tribunal in the state to revise the resolutions emitted by the local Transparency Commission (COTAIPEC).

This reform was approved by the Institutional Revolutionary Party’s (PRI) majority in Campeche’s state Congress in June 2008, but due to a petition sent by the National Action Party (PAN – the party currently holding the presidency), it is being reviewed by the Supreme Court. The Court’s decision will be key to promote or dissuade similar attempts to weaken IFAI or local transparency commissions.

The past actions by the PGR, and the intentions put forth by Gobernación last month are worrisome. The President of IFAI, Jacqueline Peschard, said that even though the Federal Administrative Tribunal has declared that it has no jurisdiction to resolve these cases, one regional tribunal has already accepted one of PGR’s appeals.  

If these attempts against the right to know in Mexico prosper, they will violate the Federal Constitution by adding another level to the FOI review process, and will contravene the principle of expedited processing. According to Article 6, appeals are to be processed by an independent and specialized government body.

IFAI, along with civil society organizations and coalitions including México Infórmate, have denounced these attempts to weaken the citizens’ right to access public information at the federal and local level.

This is not the first time attempts have been made to grant outside bodies the authority to appeal IFAI decisions. In 2006, two Senators from the PAN, Jorge Zermeño and Fauzi Hamdam presented an initiative to modify the law governing the Federal Administrative Tribunal, giving this body the ability to process challenges to IFAI decisions produced by federal administrative bodies.

No, it’s not déjà vú.


Transparency Advances in Mexico. . . in Reverse
Por Emilene Martínez Morales (emilene@mexicoinformate.org)
Translated by Jesse Franzblau

http://www.twitter.com/mxinformate

En lo que va del año el Gobierno Federal, a través de la Procuraduría General de la República (PGR) y la Secretaría de Gobernación (Segob), ha manifestado un claro interés en debilitar al Instituto Federal de Acceso a la Información Pública (IFAI) al proponer que se le den facultades a un tribunal para revisar las resoluciones de este Instituto.

El artículo 59 de la Ley Federal de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública Gubernamental establece que las resoluciones del IFAI serán definitivas para las dependencias y entidades, y que sólo los particulares podrán impugnar las decisiones ante el Poder Judicial de la Federación.

Además, el artículo sexto de la Constitución Federal -reformado apenas en 2007- establece que el derecho de acceso a la información se regirá por siete principios y bases, entre ellos sanciona que se establecerán mecanismos y procedimientos de revisión expeditos que serán sustanciados ante órganos especializados e imparciales con autonomía operativa, de gestión y decisión.

A pesar de las normativas existentes a nivel federal, la PGR ha litigado, desde hace un año y medio, ante el Tribunal Federal de Justicia Fiscal y Administrativa (TFJFA) las resoluciones del IFAI relativas al acceso a averiguaciones previas ya concluidas, y ha incumplido con las decisiones del Instituto.

El año pasado, por ejemplo, en el Archivo de Seguridad Nacional (NSA, por sus siglas en inglés) solicitamos a la PGR acceso a la versión pública de la averiguación previa 109/A1/98/B, relacionada con la masacre de 1998 en El Charco, Guerrero, en la que 11 personas murieron tras un operativo militar. Por tratarse de información concerniente a violaciones graves a derechos fundamentales y según lo establecido en el último párrafo del artículo 14 de la Ley de Transparencia, el IFAI ordenó en diciembre pasado a la PGR entregar una versión pública de dicha averiguación en un plazo de 10 días.

A casi dos meses de que venció el plazo, aún no recibimos la documentación solicitada. Citando que el IFAI incumplía mediante sus resoluciones a lo establecido en el artículo 16 del Código Federal de Procedimientos Penales respecto a la reserva de averiguaciones previas concluidas, el pasado 6 de enero el secretario de Gobernación, Fernando Gómez Mont, declaró que había una propuesta de reforma a la Ley de Transparencia que buscaba darle “eficacia” al Instituto.

El comisionado del IFAI Ángel Trinidad en un editorial publicado por El Universal, manifestó que el propósito de la reforma era que las resoluciones del Instituto pudieran ser revisadas por el Tribunal Federal de Justicia Fiscal y Administrativa o por alguna autoridad similar.

Aunque Gómez Mont ha sostenido en diversos foros que el Gobierno no tiene interés en coartar la autoridad del IFAI, no se ha detractado de las declaraciones efectuadas a principios de año.

Bajo una línea similar a la expresada por Gómez Mont, el 27 de enero el procurador General de la República, Arturo Chávez Chávez, envió un alegato a la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN) en el que solicita se valide la reforma a la Ley de Transparencia de Campeche, que le daría la facultad a un tribunal para revisar las resoluciones de la Comisión de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública del estado (COTAIPEC).

Esta reforma fue aprobada por la mayoría priísta en el Congreso local en junio de 2008, y a petición de legisladores de la minoría panista está siendo revisada por la SCJN. La decisión de la Corte será clave para anular o promover iniciativas similares a nivel local y federal. La demanda está en este momento en la fase de elaboración del proyecto de sentencia.

Las pasadas acciones de la PGR así como las intenciones que puso de manifiesto el gobierno federal el mes pasado, son preocupantes. La comisionada presidenta del IFAI, Jacqueline Peschard, dijo que aunque el Tribunal Administrativo se ha declarado incompetente para resolver algunos casos, una sala regional ya aceptó uno de esos litigios.

De prosperar estos intentos contra el derecho a saber se estaría violando la Constitución Federal, ya que el añadir una instancia de revisión iría directamente en perjuicio del principio de procesos expeditos formulados por órganos especializados, señalado en el artículo sexto.

Tanto el IFAI como asociaciones de la sociedad civil, incluyendo a México Infórmate, se han pronunciado en contra de todo intento que busque debilitar el derecho ciudadano a acceder a información pública a nivel federal y local.

Por cierto, esta no es la primera vez que se busca otorgar a los sujetos obligados la posibilidad de apelar las decisiones del IFAI. En 2006 los senadores panistas Jorge Zermeño y Fauzi Hamdam presentaron una iniciativa para modificar la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Federal de Justicia Fiscal y Administrativa, en la que se le otorgaban facultades a este tribunal para procesar impugnaciones contra decisiones del IFAI interpuestas por entidades de la administración pública federal.

No, no es déjà vú.


Publicado originalmente en Español por / Originally published in Spanish for El Universal Blogs, México Infórmate.

 

Back to top

 

FOI NEWS ARCHIVE: 2004 | 2003

foi news features

4 MARCH 2010
Carter Center Releases African Regional Plan of Action to Advance the Right of Access to Information

17 FEBRUARY 2010
The Oaxaca Group: Eight Years Later
(en español)

5 FEBRUARY 2010
Transparency Advances in Mexico. . . in Reverse

(en español)

3 FEBRUARY 2010
Freedominfo.org Launches Russian-Language Portal

29 JANUARY 2010
Anti-Corruption Activist Satish Shetty Slain in Retribution for RTI Work

14 JANUARY 2010
Argentina: Declassification of Military Records on Human Rights
(en español)

19 NOVEMBER 2009
Access Info Unveils “Question to Brussels” Report on Requesting EU Information

16 NOVEMBER 2009
In Shanghai, President Obama Recognizes Access to Information as Universal Right

20 OCTOBER 2009
New Report on Aid Transparency: Not Available! Not Accessible!

16 OCTOBER 2009
Justice Minister Rejects Much-Needed Reforms to Canada's 26-Year-Old Transparency Law

30 SEPTEMBER 2009
OSCE Ambassador Statements Mar International Right to Know Day Event

21 SEPTEMBER 2009
Follow freedominfo.org on Twitter!

25 AUGUST 2009
US Torture Files and Access to Human Rights Information

17 JULY 2009
“Safeguarding the Right to Information: Report of the People’s RTI Assessment 2008” in India

19 JUNE 2009
12 European Countries Sign First International Convention on Access to Official Documents

12 JUNE 2009
Debate about PM Gordon Brown’s Proposed Changes to UK Freedom of Information Act

27 MAY 2009
Developments in Brazil

22 MAY 2009
Caucasus FOI Advocates Discuss Common Problems and Plan Cooperation

8 MAY 2009
Jimmy Carter Presses for Greater Access to Information in the Americas

1 MAY 2009
Guatemala’s Transparency Law in Action

21 APRIL 2009
A Landmark Day in Chile as New Transparency Law Comes into Effect

14 APRIL 2009
European Court of Human Rights: Right to Information Essential to Free Expression

10 APRIL 2009
Moldova: Acces-Info Releases Evaluation of Access to Public Information

7 APRIL 2009
Brazil Pledges to Pass Right to Information Bill

7 APRIL 2009
Jordanian Civil Society Group Organizes Freedom of Information Training

7 APRIL 2009
Cairo Declaration Embodies Fundamental Consensus on the Access to Information in the Arab World

20 MARCH 2009
Guatemala: Active Duty Chief of Police Arrested for 25-Year Old Political Disappearance of Labor Activist

24 FEBRUARY 2009
UK Justice Minister Jack Straw Vetoes the Release of Pre-Iraq Cabinet Minutes

24 FEBRUARY 2009
US Documents Released Through Freedom of Information Act Requests Introduced as Evidence in Spanish Court Hearing Guatemala Genocide Case

5 FEBRUARY 2009
New Regulations Require Israeli Government to Disclose Environmental Information

23 JANUARY 2009
Day One: President Obama Pledges to Open Government

19 DECEMBER 2008
Council of Europe Adopts Weak Access to Information Convention

31 OCTOBER 2008
Russia: Access to Information Face Contradictions

13 AUGUST 2008
Chile Becomes Latest Latin American Nation to Enact FOIA Law

5 AUGUST 2008
President Carter Disseminates Atlanta Declaration to Advance Right to Information Worldwide

17 JULY 2008
NIGERIA: FOI proposal now the oldest unpassed bill

17 JULY 2008
PAKISTAN: Access to Information Advocates Criticize Proposed Freedom of Information Bill

4 APRIL 2008
Council of Europe ducks open government advocates' calls for reform; adopts weak convention on access to information that falls short of international standards

18 JANUARY 2008
United States: First FOIA Reform Bill In More Than A Decade Becomes Law

12 DECEMBER 2007
Information Commissioners Hold 5th International Conference in New Zealand

8 NOVEMBER 2007
European Ombudsman Finds Maladministration by European Commission for Failure to Produce Annual Report

7 NOVEMBER 2007
Council of Europe committee puts off decision on draft access to information convention, permits more time for input and improvements

6 AUGUST 2007
U.S. Congress Passes Freedom of Information Act Reform Bill

20 JUNE 2007
In First Year, Germany's Federal Agencies Struggle to Adapt to FOIA - But Requesters Off to Slow Start as Well

20 JUNE 2007
Argentina Celebrates First "National Right to Public Information" Week: May 20-27, 2007

21 MAY 2007
International FOI Advocates Protest Draft Amendments that would Weaken Bulgarian Public Information Act

19 APRIL 2007
European Commissionn proposes reforms, seeks public input on greater access to EU documents

15 MARCH 2007
UNITED STATES : Sunshine Week 2007 brings major audit releases, congressional action on FOIA reform

15 MARCH 2007
MEXICO: Civil society observes first annual Mexico Abierto

9 FEBRUARY 2007
Wolfowitz Launches Probe Into Leak of Board Meeting Minutes

12 OCTOBER 2006
Inter-American Court Finds Fundamental Right of Access to Information

28 SEPTEMBER 2006
The Year in Openness:
Freedom of Information Makes News Around the World

22 SEPTEMBER 2006
Hungarian Government Releases NATO Secrecy Policy Document

7 SEPTEMBER 2006
Australia: High Court Sides with Bureaucrats, Rolling Back Right to Information

31 AUGUST 2006
UPDATE: Victory for Right to Information in India

18 AUGUST 2006
INDIA: Right to Information in Jeopardy

18 AUGUST 2006
MEXICO: Newsweekly Asks for Access to Contested Ballots, Uses Access to Information Act to Request Independent Count

14 JULY 2006
Using FOI Laws in Mexico in Defense of the Environment

31 MAY 2006
FOI: Info Commissioners Meet in Manchester
4th International Conference Separates Officials, NGOs

22 MARCH 2006   
UNITED STATES: Open government advocates, media, public celebrate Sunshine Week

8 JULY 2005
GERMANY: Bundesrat passes Freedom of Information Act, but questions remain

29 JUNE 2005
GERMANY: A Future for Freedom of Information?

24 MAY 2005
INDIA: Latest analysis of new right to information law

21 FEBRUARY 2005
FOI: Information ministers meet in Cancún


home
|
about
|
countries
|
foi news
|
features
|
ifti
|
links
Suite 701, Gelman Library, 2130 H Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20037 - email@freedominfo.org
Copyright © 2006-2008 freedominfo.org